中秋节彩信
中秋节介绍英文
问题补充:中秋节介绍英文
●The Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as the Moon Festival, which is held on the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese calendar.The traditional food of this festival is the mooncake, of which there are many different varieties,Traditionally, on this day, Chinese family members and friends will gather to admire the bright mid-autumn harvest moon, and eat delicious moon cakes .中秋节,又叫月饼节,是在阴历的每年的八月十五日.这个节日的传统食物是月饼,当然有好多种月饼,通常在这一天,一家人会团聚一起,欣赏又圆又满的月亮,同时品尝美味的月饼.
●Mooncakes are to Mid-Autumn Festival what mince pies are to Christmas. The seasonal round cakes traditionally have a sweet filling of lotus seed paste or red bean paste and often have one or more salted duck eggs in the center to represent the moon. And the moon is what this celebration is all about. Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month, it is the time when the moon is said to be at its brightest and fullest. This year the festival falls on October 1. There are two legends which claim to explain the tradition of eating mooncakes. One Tang Dynasty myth holds that the Earth once had 10 suns circling it. One day all 10 suns appeared at once, scorching the planet with their heat. It was thanks to a skillful archer named Hou Yi that the Earth was saved. He shot down all but one of the suns. As his reward, the Heavenly Queen Mother gave Hou Yi the Elixir of Immortality, but she warned him that he must use it wisely. Hou Yi ignored her advice and, corrupted by fame and fortune, became a tyrannical leader. Chang-Er, his beautiful wife, could no longer stand by and watch him abuse his power so she stole his Elixir and fled to the moon to escape his angry wrath. And thus began the legend of the beautiful woman in the moon, the Moon Fairy. The second legend has it that during the Yuan Dynasty, an underground group led by Zhu Yuan Zang was determined to rid the country of Mongolian dominance. The moon cake was created to carry a secret message. When the cake was opened and the message read, an uprising was unleashed which successfully routed the Mongolians. It happened at the time of the full moon, which, some say, explains why mooncakes are eaten at this time. Mooncakes are usually stamped with Chinese characters indicating the name of the bakery and the type of filling used. Some bakeries will even stamp them with your family name so that you can give personalised ones to friends and family. They are usually presented in boxes of four which indicate the four phases of the moon. Traditional mooncakes are made with melted lard, but today vegetable oil is more often used in the interests of health. Mooncakes are not for the diet-conscious as they are loaded with calories. The best way to wash down one of these sticky cakes is with a cup of Chinese tea, especially Jasmine or Chrysanthemum tea, which aids the digestion. 中秋节吃月饼就像西方人圣诞节吃百果馅饼一样,是必不可少的。圆圆的月饼中通常包有香甜的莲子馅或是红豆馅,馅的中央还会加上一个金黄的咸鸭蛋黄来代表月亮。而月亮正是中秋节庆祝的主题。每年农历8月15日人们一起庆祝中秋,据说这一天的月亮是一年中最亮最圆的。今年的中秋节恰好是阳历的10月1日(中国的国庆日)。 关于吃月饼这个传统的来历有两个传说。一个是唐朝的神话故事,说的是当时地球被10个太阳包围着。有一天10个太阳同时出现在天空中,巨大的热量几乎把地球烤焦了。多亏一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了9个太阳,地球才被保住。为了奖励后羿,王母娘娘赐给后羿一种长生不老药,但是王母警告他必须正当使用。然而后羿没有理会王母娘娘的警告,他被名利冲昏了头脑,变成了一个暴君。后羿美丽的妻子嫦娥对他的暴行再也不能袖手旁观,于是她偷走了后羿的长生不老药,飞到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。从此就有了关于月宫仙子嫦娥,这个月亮上的美丽女人的传说。 第二个传说讲的是在元朝,朱元璋领导的起义军计划起义来摆脱蒙古族的统治。他们用月饼来传递密信。掰开月饼就可以找到里面的密信,起义军通过这种方式成功的发动了起义,赶走了元朝的统治者。这场起义发生在八月十五之时,于是中秋节吃月饼的习俗便在民间传开来。 回答者: 76210888 – 高级经理 六级 2006-10-7 16:03yao zhe ge gan shen me 回答者:匿名 2006-10-17 19:39中秋节又称月夕、秋节、仲秋节、八月节、八月会、追月节、玩月节、拜月节、女儿节或团圆节,是流行于全国众多民族中的传统文化节日,时在农历八月十五;因其恰值三秋之半,故名。据说此夜月球距地球最近,月亮最大显圆最亮,所以从古至今都有饮宴赏月的习俗;回娘家的媳妇是日必返夫家,以寓圆满、吉庆之意。也有些地方将中秋节定在八月十六,如宁波、台州、舟山,这与方国珍占据温、台、明三州时,为防范元朝官兵和朱元田的袭击而改“正月十四为元宵、八月十六为中秋”有关。此外在香港,过了中秋兴犹未尽,还要在十六夜再狂欢一次.名为“追月”。 中秋起源 中秋节是远古天象崇拜——敬月习俗的遗痕。据《周礼·春官》记载,周代已有“中秋夜迎寒”、“中秋献良裘”、“秋分夕月(拜月)”的活动;汉代,又在中秋或立秋之日敬老、养老,赐以雄粗饼。晋时亦有中秋赏月之举,不过不太普遍;直到唐代将中秋与储娥奔月、吴刚伐桂、玉兔捣药、杨贵妃变月神、唐明皇游月宫等神话故事结合起,使之充满浪漫色彩,玩月之风方才大兴。 北宋,正式定八月十五为中秋节,并出现“小饼如嚼月,中有酥和饴”的节令食品。孟元老《东京梦华录》说:“中秋夜,贵家结饰台榭,民间争占酒楼玩月”;而且“弦重鼎沸,近内延居民,深夜逢闻笙芋之声,宛如云外。间里儿童,连宵婚戏;夜市骈阗,至于通晓。”吴自牧《梦梁录》说:“此际金凤荐爽,玉露生凉,丹桂香飘,银蟾光满。王孙公子,富家巨室,莫不登危楼,临轩玩月,或开广榭,玳筵罗列,琴瑟铿锵,酌酒高歌,以卜竟夕之欢。至如铺席之家,亦登小小月台,安排家宴,团围子女,以酬佳节。虽陋巷贫篓之人,解农市酒,勉强迎欢,不肯虚度。此夜天街卖买,直至五鼓,玩月游人,婆婆于市,至烧不绝。”更有意思的是,《新编醉翁谈录》记述拜月之俗:“倾城人家子女不以贫富能自行至十二三,皆以成人之眼眼饰之,登楼或中庭焚香拜月,各有所朝;男则愿早步蟾宫,高攀仙桂。…女则愿貌似嫦娥,圆如皓月。” 明清两朝的赏月活动,盛行不衰。“其祭果饼必圆”;各家都要设“月光位”,在月出方向“向月供而拜”。陆启泓《北京岁华记》载:“中秋夜,人家各置月宫符象,符上免如人立;陈瓜果于庭,饼面绘月宫蟾免;男女肃拜烧香,旦而焚之。”田汝成《西湖游览志余》云:“是夕,人家有赏月之宴,或携柏湖船,沿游彻晓。苏堤之上,联袂踏歌,无异白日”;“民间以月饼相邀,取团圆之义”。富察敦崇《燕京岁时记》称:“中秋月饼,以前门致美斋者为京都第一,他处不足食也。呈供月月饼到处皆有。大者尺余,上绘月宫蜡兔之形。”“每届中秋,府第朱门皆以月饼果品相馈赠。至十五月圆时,陈瓜果于庭以供月,并祀以毛豆、鸡冠花。是时也,皓魄当空,彩云初散,传杯洗盏,儿女喧哗,真所谓佳节也。唯供月时男子多不叩拜。”同时这五百多年中还推出“烧斗香”、“走月亮”、“放天灯”、“树中秋”、“点塔灯”、“舞火龙”、“曳石”、“卖兔儿爷”等节庆活动;其中的赏月,吃月饼、团圆饭等习俗,一直流传到今天。 中秋食俗 古时汉族的中秋宴俗,以宫廷最为精雅。如明代宫廷时兴吃螃蟹。螃蟹用蒲包蒸熟后,众人围坐品尝,佐以酒醋。食毕饮苏叶汤,并用之洗手。宴桌区周,摆满鲜花、大石榴以及其他时鲜,演出中秋的神话戏曲。清宫多在某一院内向东放一架屏风,屏风两侧搁置鸡冠花、毛豆技、芋头、花生、萝卜、鲜藕。屏风前设一张八仙桌,上置一个特大的月饼,四周缀满糕点和瓜果。祭月完毕,按皇家人口将月饼切作若干块,每人象征性地尝一口,名曰“吃团圆饼”。清宫月饼之大,令人难以想象。像末代皇帝溥仪赏给总管内务大臣绍英的一个月饼,便是“径约二尺许,重约二十斤”。 我国有二十多个少数民族也过中秋节,但节俗各异。壮族习惯于在河中的竹排房上用米饼拜月,少女在水面放花灯,以测一生的幸福,并演唱优美的《请月姑》民歌。朝鲜族则用木杆和松枝高搭“望月架”,先请老人上架探月,然后点燃望月架,敲长鼓,吹洞萧,一起合跳〈农家乐舞》。仡佬族在节前的“虎日”,全寨合宰一头公牛,将牛心留到中秋夜祭祖灵,迎新谷,他们称为“八月节”。侗族则在这时让青年人郊游、欢会,称为“赶坪节”。第一天是芦笙会,第二天对歌。小伙子都要化妆,向心上人表达情意。傣族是对空鸣放火枪,然后围坐饮酒,品尝狗肉汤锅、猪肉干巴、腌蛋和干黄鳝,谈笑望月。黎族称中秋节为“八月会”或“调声节”。届时各集镇举行歌舞聚会,每村由一“调声头”(即领队)率领男女青年参加。人员江齐后,大家互赠月饼、香糕、甜粑、花巾、彩扇和背心,成群结队,川流不息。入夜便聚集在火旁,烤食野味,痛饮米酒,开展盛大的调声对歌演唱,未婚青年趁机挑寻未来的伴侣。 中秋与月饼 中秋吃月饼。最先见于苏东坡的“小饼如嚼月,中有酥与饴"之句。唐和五代时赏月的食品只见有“玩月羹”等,未见有月饼。月饼作为一种食品的名称并同中秋赏月联系在一起,始见于南宋的《武林旧事》。明代以来,有关中秋赏月吃月饼的记述就更多了。《宛署杂记》说,每到中秋,百姓们都制作面饼互相赠送,:大小不等,呼为“月饼”。市场店铺里卖的月饼,多用果类作馅子,巧名异状,有的月饼一个要值数百钱。《熙朝乐事》里也说,八月十五日称为中秋,民间以月饼作为礼品互相赠送,取团圆之义。这一天晚上,家家举行赏月助家宴,或者带上装月饼的食盒和酒壶到湖边去通宵游赏。在西湖苏堤上,人们成群结队,载歌载舞。同白天没有两样。从这些记载中,可以看到杭州百姓中秋夜赏月的盛况。 长期以来我国人民对制作月饼积累了丰富的经验,月饼的种类也越来越多,工艺越来越讲究。咸、甜、荤、素各俱异味;光面、花边,各有特色。明末彭蕴章在《幽州土风俗》中写道:“月宫饼,制就银蟾紫府影,一双瞻兔满人间。悔煞嫩娥窃药年。奔入广寒归不得,空劳至杵驻丹颜。”这说明心灵手巧的厨师已经把嫦娥奔月的优美传说,作为食品艺术图案形象再现于月饼之上。清代富察敦崇《燕京岁时记>也有“至供月饼,到处皆有,大者尺余,上绘月宫蟾婚兔之形”的记述。足见古代月饼从内容到形式已是百花齐放了。 On the eve of the Mid-Autumn Festival is also called the autumn festival, Zhongqiu Festival, Bayuejie August, Mid Day, the moon festival and worship on festivaldaughter Festival or festival, which was popular in the traditional culture of the many ethnic festivals, when the Lunar New Year;because coincides San half, was named.It is said that this recent night the moon from Earth, the moon is the most significant round brightest, the custom of antiquity have banquets to celebrate;The daughter-in-law of the day we will return back to the family, complete balance, meaning auspicious.Some places will be determined on August 16 Mid-Autumn Festival, Ningbo, Taizhou, Zhoushan, and Fang Wen Zhen occupy Taiwan, prescribed three states,Zhuyuantian Yuan soldiers and to prevent attacks changed "for the 14th day of the Lantern, August 16 for the Mid-Autumn Festival".Also in Hong Kong, the festival is not too Hing do, but also in a 16-night rave again. Entitled "Mid."Theater worship ancient origin of the Mid-Autumn Festival — King on the Mid-Autumn Festival custom Relics along.According to the "Spring Rites official" records, there Zhou Dynasty, "Autumn cold welcome", "Mid-Autumn Qiu Xian – Liang.""On the eve of details (worship)"; Han, China the day of the Mid-Autumn Festival or the elderly, endowment devoted to rough-cake.Jin also at the Mid-Autumn Festival to celebrate the move, but not universal; On the Mid-Autumn Festival and will be until the Tang-e Goose, Gui Wu Gang, the rabbit mention,Take change the goddess of the moon, the moon palace team Yu Tang Minghuang and other legends combined, so full of romantic color, the style has the Daxing moon.Northern Song, an official for the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, and the emergence of "trying as chewing, and a flaky-yee," seasonal food.Bangladesh veteran said : "Beautiful Dream to Tokyo," "Autumn, Na Kika knots civil capture restaurants moon."and "Strings re going near the extension of the residents, Wen Sheng line on the night sounds like a cloud. Lane among children, even marital night game;Rai rumbling sound as proficient. "Wu pastoral" Dream Beam, "said :" At this juncture Feng Jian autumn Helinyulu Health cooler Nancy scatter.Mitsumi silver moon. Chu's son, a pretty huge room, everyone received a dangerous Linxuan moon, or opening a wide garden, tortoise shell out a list, exhausting itself.Zhuojiu came to BU alliance actually like. If a majority of shops and homes, also received a small platform, arranged a private banquet was seen surrounded by children.Festival to pay. Although Humble Yen's place baskets poor people, rural city liquor solution barely meet them, not wasted. Street trading days this evening until Ng Kwu.8th visitors, my mother-in-law in the city, never to burn. "Even more interesting is that the" New drinks on, "recording on worship custom :"Fantasia on their own wealth to their children not to 12 or 13, modeled on adult eyes focus exclusively short, I went to the roof — or atrium lit incense worship,something North Korea; male competitors were willing to step back, Pan Gui. : women were willing to show herself.If a round moon. "The full moon in the Ming and Qing dynasties, as powerful as ever."Its festival will round fruit cake"; Each should be set up "Moonlight", and he was in the direction "of money to repay."Lu Wang ", the age – Remember" set : "Autumn, like others at the home off palace of the moon, such as free website on the stand; Chen fruits in courtfree face painting off palace of the moon moon cake; Su men and women worship in Lhasa, Jordan and burning 之. "TIAN Ru into" West Lake Zhi "goes :" It is the eve ofbring together people with the full moon, or to bark vessels along YOU thoroughly convincing. Sudi above, foot-stomping songs together, the same sun. ""moon cakes to people equally, he reunited meaning."Chong Fu Chadui "Yanjing age in mind," said : "moon cakes before Zhimeizhai doors for the first Kyoto.He Department has inadequate food. for there was everywhere on cakes. The big Chiyu, draw on the vast and cold palace of wax rabbit fortunate. "" Each lantern.Behind the mansion modeled phase gift fruit cakes. Mochitsuki-round, Chen fruits in court for, and offered to soybeansCelosia cristata. it is also, does animal sky, scattered clouds early, the traditional washing beacon Cup, the sons and daughters of 50 years,really have the so-called Festival. not only for the men filed on time. "At the same time it also launched 500 years" burn incense struggle. ""On the Moon" and "light up days", "Mid-Autumn trees," "point tower lights," and "fire dragon dance", "Ye Shi.""God AINSLIAEA sell" festive events; The full moon cakes to eat, the family dinner and other custom has been handed down to today.Eating Custom ancient Han banquet Mid-Autumn lantern custom most precision Blair to court.If the Ming court fashionable eat crabs.Textual with crab boil, everybody sitting taste, with a mixture of Jiucu.Fresh graduates drink Suye plaster and using the toilet.District Week banquet tables filled with flowers, pomegranates and other — who hardly ever, the Mid-Autumn Festival, a myth opera performances.Qing eastwards up more than one screen at a hospital, the screens on both sides shelved Cristata, soybeans and technology, taro, peanuts, radishes, Xianou.A table set up before the screen, a large home on the cake, surrounded by tight cakes and fruits.On completion of ceremonies, cakes will be cut by the Royal population for a number of pieces, each token to try it, fine-sounding name of "happy to eat cake."Qing large cakes, is hard to imagine.Like last emperor Puyi House chief minister Hospital, presented a cake, is the "Drive about Chixu, weighing about two ten pounds."China has more than 20 ethnic minorities have this festival, but festivals varied.Zhuang accustomed to the rafts in the river used ricecake worship room, girls in the water up lanterns, measured lifetime of happiness.and the beautiful singing folk songs "Please On Regardless".Korean pine used wooden poles and high-ride "chimera F" that the devices, please explore the elderly, and then lit a chimera planes, knocking drum.Winds Music, dance together with the "peasant dance".Gelao Located in the "Tiger Day" and Quanzhai head with a bull slaughter, the cattle were Autumn memorial to the hearts of Hope, New Valley.They called "Bayuejie."Dong's time for young people in the countryside, gathering, called a "rush Ping Festival."Lusheng will be the first day of the next day DuetsIn.When he must make up to the name affections.Dai is the air rifle drills, and then sitting around drinking, the taste Gouroutang pot, edible Thelephora pork, pickled eggs and dry Monopterus albus, humanism chimera.Li said that the Mid-Autumn Festival "August" or "Voice of regulation."By then, the town held a dance gathering from every village, "the first tone" (leader) led by young women and men to participate.Jiang Qi staff, we may split cake, Hong pudding and sweet tsamba, towels, flowers, colorful fans and vest, and intensely, son.At night they gathered in Huopang, cook Game, swig Wine, Tune DuetsIn launched a grand concert,seeking the opportunity to challenge young unmarried partners.Moon cakes for the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival moon cakes.In view of the first examples of "trying as chewing, with a flaky-yee" sentence.Tang and the Five Dynasties period to take the food only when a "lunar share" is not known to have cakes.As a food cakes to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival together with the names began to surface warning of the "heroes in the old thing".Ming Dynasty, eating moon cakes to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival even more records."Lithuania Department miscellanies," said each of the Mid-Autumn Festival, the people who co-produced tortillas presentation : size, and called for "cakes."Market shops sell cake, use fruit for Xianzi, who skillfully bacterial, and some cakes to a value of hundreds of money."Hee towards hers," Lane said, on August 15 as the Mid-Autumn Festival, mooncakes as gifts to each other civil gift, he reunited society.This one night, everyone at a private banquet to celebrate the relief, or a box of moon cakes and loaded onto the lake to Jiuhu overnight Tour.Sudi in the West Lake, people come together, singing and dancing.No different from the same day.From these records, you can see that people in Hangzhou, China Autumn celebrate the event.Long our people have accumulated rich experience in making cakes, the cakes are more and more types of craft more stress.Salty, sweet, dirty, all-the smell; Smooth, lace, as well.Peng Yun Zhang at the end of the Ming Dynasty "You state customs territories," he wrote : "off palace of the moon cake, silver moon Zifu impact on the system.Bringing a pair of rabbit among us. Tenderness regret expelling sha medicine, e burglary. it is only now widely cold not return.Dan Yan workers to poke in the air. "This shows 93-1986 chef of the Moon had a beautiful legendArt as a pictorial image represented in the food cakes above.Chong Qing Fu Chadui "Yanjing age" is a "for-cakes everywhere there, who Chiyu.draw on the vast and cold palace toad marriage Rabbit "on the recording.Evident from the contents and forms of ancient cakes are a hundred flowers blooming.
●中秋由来 “中秋”一词,最早见于《周礼》。根据我国古代历法,农历八月十五日,在一年秋季的八月中旬,故称“中秋”。一年有四季,每季又分孟、仲、季三部分,因为秋中第二月叫仲秋,故中秋也称为“仲秋”。到魏晋时,有“谕尚书镇牛淆,中秋夕与左右微服泛江”的记载。直到唐朝初年,中秋节才成为固定的节日。《唐书·太宗记》记载有“八月十五中秋节”。中秋节的盛行始于宋朝,至明清时,已与元旦齐名,成为我国的主要节日之一。这也是我国仅次于春节的第二大传统节日。 相传古代齐国丑女无盐,幼年时曾虔诚拜月,长大后,以超群品德入宫,但未被宠幸。某年八月十五赏月,天子在月光下见到她,觉得她美丽出众,后立她为皇后,中秋拜月由此而来。月中嫦娥,以美貌著称,故少女拜月,愿“貌似嫦娥,面如皓月”。 随着社会的不断发展,古人赋予月亮许多传说,从月中蟾蜍到玉兔捣药,从吴刚伐桂到嫦娥奔月,丰富的想象力为月宫世界描绘了一幅幅斑驳陆离的胜景。自汉至唐,骚人墨客纷纷吟咏月亮及月中之事,八月十五月圆时成为抒发感情的极佳时刻。至北宋太宗年间,官家正式定八月十五日为中秋节,取意于三秋之正中,届时万民同庆。中秋之夜,明月当空,清辉洒满大地,人们把月圆当作团圆的象征,把八月十五作为亲人团聚的日子,因此,中秋节又被称为“团圆节”。 中秋节成为一年之中的重大节日,又与科举考试有着极其微妙的关系,在我国封建社会,开科取士,一直是统治者十分重视的一件大事。而三年一次的秋闱大比,恰好安排在八月里举行。胜景与激情结合在一起,人们便将应试高中者,誉为月中折桂之人。每到中秋,必须进行隆重庆贺,成为全社会人民的重要风俗,经朝历代,盛行不衰,中秋节逐渐成为我国四大节日(春节、清明、端午、中秋)之一。Mid-Autumn origin"Mid-Autumn festival", first in the connections. According to the lunar calendar in ancient China, August 15, in the year autumn, it is called "mid-august Mid-Autumn festival". There are four seasons in a year, quarterly, and meng, three parts, because in the autumn, it is half past autumn in the Mid-Autumn festival is also called "half past autumn". Jin, "to the oracle Xiao cows, holds the Pennsylvania about with tiny Mid-Autumn generic jiang". Until the early tang dynasty, Mid-Autumn festival became fixed festivals. The tang dynasty, emperor "record book" August 15 Mid-Autumn festival ". The Mid-Autumn festival in qing dynasty, and began, has become China's name, with the main festivals. This is China's second largest after Spring Festival holiday tradition.From ancient qi no salt, religious worship the youth once, after be brought up, with superior qualities, but did not enter the palace was favour. This August 15 in the moonlight, wrong moon, she saw her beauty, after made her queen, Mid-Autumn worship. Months for the moon, beauty, and so on, to worship the girl seemed like bright moon, face ".With the continuous development of society, the moon give many legends from months to moon, toad, WuGang thinning beaten from guangxi to chang e, rich imagination as the moon for the LiuLi mottled scenery. Since the han dynasties in succession to tang poetry, the life of the moon and months, 10 August may be express feelings when round excellent moments. To the northern song dynasty, emperor period for August 15 for a formal butler Mid-Autumn festival, in the middle of, then all SanQiu backdrop. Mid-Autumn night shining in the sky, the moon, the earth, asperse full moon as a symbol of the reunion, August 15 as a family reunion, therefore, the Mid-Autumn festival is also called "TuanYuanJie".The Mid-Autumn festival of the year, and with the imperial examinations have extremely delicate relationship in China's feudal society, and the families, has been a ruler, attaches great importance to the event. But once every three QiuWei than the big, held in August in arrangement. Sites with passion together, people will test the high school, a row of month. Each to Mid-Autumn festival, must undertake grand celebration, become the important social customs, people in the past, toward the Mid-Autumn festival in China gradually become four (Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn festival, Dragon Boat Festival and clarity of.
求清明节、端午节、中秋节、元宵节的来历或典故?
问题补充:求清明节、端午节、中秋节、元宵节的来历或典故?
●端午节是古老的传统节日,始于中国的春秋战国时期,至今已有2000多年历史。端午节的由来与传说很多,这里仅介绍以下四种: 源于纪念屈原 据《史记》“屈原贾生列传”记载,屈原,是春秋时期楚怀王的大臣。他倡导举贤授能,富国强兵,力主联齐抗秦,遭到贵族子兰等人的强烈反对,屈原遭馋去职,被赶出都城,流放到沅、湘流域。他在流放中,写下了忧国忧民的《离骚》、《天问》、《九歌》等不朽诗篇,独具风貌,影响深远(因而,端午节也称诗人节)。公元前278年,秦军攻破楚国京都。屈原眼看自己的祖国被侵略,心如刀割,但是始终不忍舍弃自己的祖国,于五月五日,在写下了绝笔作《怀沙》之后,抱石投汨罗江身死,以自己的生命谱写了一曲壮丽的爱国主义乐章。 传说屈原死后,楚国百姓哀痛异常,纷纷涌到汨罗江边去凭吊屈原。渔夫们划起船只,在江上来回打捞他的真身。有位渔夫拿出为屈原准备的饭团、鸡蛋等食物,“扑通、扑通”地丢进江里,说是让鱼龙虾蟹吃饱了,就不会去咬屈大夫的身体了。人们见后纷纷仿效。一位老医师则拿来一坛雄黄酒倒进江里,说是要药晕蛟龙水兽,以免伤害屈大夫。后来为怕饭团为蛟龙所食,人们想出用楝树叶包饭,外缠彩丝,发展成棕子。 以后,在每年的五月初五,就有了龙舟竞渡、吃粽子、喝雄黄酒的风俗;以此来纪念爱国诗人屈原。 源于纪念伍子胥 端午节的第二个传说,在江浙一带流传很广,是纪念春秋时期(公元前770–前476年)的伍子胥。伍子胥名员,楚国人,父兄均为楚王所杀,后来子胥弃暗投明,奔向吴国,助吴伐楚,五战而入楚都郢城。当时楚平王已死,子胥掘墓鞭尸三百,以报杀父兄之仇。吴王阖庐死后,其子夫差继位,吴军士气高昂,百战百胜,越国大败,越王勾践请和,夫差许之。子胥建议,应彻底消灭越国,夫差不听,吴国大宰,受越国贿赂,谗言陷害子胥,夫差信之,赐子胥宝剑,子胥以此死。子胥本为忠良,视死如归,在死前对邻舍人说:“ 死后,将 眼睛挖出悬挂在吴京之东门上,以看越国军队入城灭吴”,便自刎而死,夫差闻言大怒,令取子胥之尸体装在皮革里于五月五日投入大江,因此相传端午节亦为纪念伍子胥之日。 源于纪念孝女曹娥 端午节的第三个传说,是为纪念东汉(公元23–220年)孝女曹娥救父投江。曹娥是东汉上虞人,父亲溺于江中,数日不见尸体,当时孝女曹娥年仅十四岁,昼夜沿江号哭。过了十七天,在五月五日也投江,五日后抱出父尸。就此传为神话,继而相传至县府知事,令度尚为之立碑,让他的弟子邯郸淳作诔辞颂扬。 孝女曹娥之墓,在今浙江绍兴,后传曹娥碑为晋王义所书。后人为纪念曹娥的孝节,在曹娥投江之处兴建曹娥庙,她所居住的村镇改名为曹娥镇,曹娥殉父之处定名为曹娥江。 源于古越民族图腾祭 近代大量出土文物和考古研究证实:长江中下游广大地区,在新石器时代,有一种几何印纹陶为特征的文化遗存。该遗存的族属,据专家推断是一个崇拜龙的图腾的部族—-史称百越族。出土陶器上的纹饰和历史传说示明,他们有断发纹身的习俗,生活于水乡,自比是龙的子孙。其生产工具,大量的还是石器,也有铲、凿等小件的青铜器。作为生活用品的坛坛罐罐中,烧煮食物的印纹陶鼎是他们所特有的,是他们族群的标志之一。直到秦汉时代尚有百越人,端午节就是他们创立用于祭祖的节日。在数千年的历史发展中,大部分百越人已经融合到汉族中去了,其余部分则演变为南方许多少数民族,因此,端午节成了全中华民族的节日国民间过端午节是较为隆重的,庆祝的活动也是各种各样,比较普遍的活动有以下种种形式: 赛龙舟: 賽龙舟,是端午节的主要习俗。相传起源于古时楚国人因舍不得贤臣屈原投江死去,许多人划船追赶拯救。他们争先恐后,追至洞庭湖时不见踪迹。之后每年五月五日划龙舟以纪念之。借划龙舟驱散江中之鱼,以免鱼吃掉屈原的身体。竞渡之习,盛行于吴、越、楚。 其实 ,“龙舟竞渡”早在战国时代就有了。在急鼓声中划刻成龙形的独木舟,做竞渡游戏,以娱神与乐人,是祭仪中半宗教性、半娱乐性的节目。 后来,赛龙舟除纪念屈原之外,在各地人们还付予了不同的寓意。 江浙地区划龙舟,兼有纪念当地出生的近代女民主革命家秋瑾的意义。夜龙船上,张灯结彩,来往穿梭,水上水下,情景动人,别具情趣。贵州苗族人民在农历五月二十五至二十八举行“龙船节”,以庆祝插秧胜利和预祝五谷丰登。云南傣族同胞则在泼水节赛龙舟,纪念古代英雄岩红窝。不同民族、不同地区,划龙舟的传说有所不同。直到今天在南方的不少临江河湖海的地区,每年端节都要举行富有自己特色的龙舟竞赛活动。 清乾隆二十九年(1736年),台湾开始举行龙舟竞渡。当时台湾知府蒋元君曾在台南市法华寺半月池主持友谊赛。现在台湾每年五月五日都举行龙舟竞赛。在香港,也举行竞渡。 此外,划龙舟也先后传入邻国日本、越南等及英国。1980年,赛龙舟被列入中国国家体育比赛项目,并每年举行“屈原杯”龙舟赛。1991年6月16日(农历五月初五),在屈原的第二故乡中国湖南岳阳市,举行首届国际龙舟节。在竞渡前,举行了既保存传统仪式又注入新的现代因素的“龙头祭”。 “龙头”被抬入屈子祠内,由运动员给龙头“上红”(披红带)后,主祭人宣读祭文,并为龙头“开光”(即点晴)。然后,参加祭龙的全体人员三鞠躬,龙头即被抬去汩罗江,奔向龙舟赛场。此次参加比赛、交易会和联欢活动的多达60余万人,可谓盛况空前。尔后,湖南便定期举办国际龙舟节。赛龙舟将盛传于世。 端午食粽 端午节吃粽子,这是中国人民的又一传统习俗。粽子,又叫“角黍”、“筒粽”。其由来已久,花样繁多。 据记载,早在春秋时期,用菰叶(茭白叶)包黍米成牛角状,称“角黍”;用竹筒装米密封烤熟,称“筒粽”。东汉末年,以草木灰水浸泡黍米,因水中含碱,用菰叶包黍米成四角形,煮熟,成为广东碱水粽。 晋代,粽子被正式定为端午节食品。这时,包粽子的原料除糯米外,还添加中药益智仁,煮熟的粽子称“益智粽”。 时人周处《岳阳风土记》记载:“俗以菰叶裹黍米,……煮之,合烂熟,于五月五日至夏至啖之,一名粽,一名黍。”南北朝时期,出现杂粽。米中掺杂禽兽肉、板栗、红枣、赤豆等,品种增多。粽子还用作交往的礼品。 到了唐代,粽子的用米,已“白莹如玉”,其形状出现锥形、菱形。日本文献中就记载有“大唐粽子”。宋朝时,已有“蜜饯粽”,即果品入粽。诗人苏东坡有“时于粽里见杨梅”的诗句。这时还出现用粽子堆成楼台亭阁、木车牛马作的广告,说明宋代吃粽子已很时尚。元、明时期,粽子的包裹料已从菰叶变革为箬叶,后来又出现用芦苇叶包的粽子,附加料已出现豆沙、猪肉、松子仁、枣子、胡桃等等,品种更加丰富多彩。 一直到今天,每年五月初,中国百姓家家都要浸糯米、洗粽叶、包粽子,其花色品种更为繁多。从馅料看,北方多包小枣的北京枣粽;南方则有豆沙、鲜肉、火腿、蛋黄等多种馅料,其中以浙江嘉兴粽子为代表。吃粽子的风俗,千百年来,在中国盛行不衰,而且流传到朝鲜、日本及东南亚诸国。 佩香囊: 端午节小孩佩香囊,传说有避邪驱瘟之意,实际是用于襟头点缀装饰。香囊内有朱砂、雄黄、香药,外包以丝布,清香四溢,再以五色丝线弦扣成索,作各种不同形状,结成一串,形形色色,玲珑可爱。 悬艾叶菖蒲: 民谚说:“清明插柳,端午插艾”。在端午节,人们把插艾和菖蒲作为重要内容之一。家家都洒扫庭除,以菖蒲、艾条插于门眉,悬于堂中。并用菖蒲、艾叶、榴花、蒜头、龙船花,制成人形或虎形,称为艾人、艾虎;制成花环、佩饰,美丽芬芳,妇人争相佩戴,用以驱瘴。 艾,又名家艾、艾蒿。它的茎、叶都含有挥发性芳香油。它所产生的奇特芳香,可驱蚊蝇、虫蚁,净化空气。中医学上以艾入药,有理气血、暖子宫、祛寒湿的功能。将艾叶加工成“艾绒”,是灸法治病的重要药材。 菖蒲是多年生水生草本植物,它狭长的叶片也含有挥发性芳香油,是提神通窍、健骨消滞、杀虫灭菌的药物。 可见,古人插艾和菖蒲是有一定防病作用的。端午节也是自古相传的“卫生节”,人们在这一天洒扫庭院,挂艾枝,悬菖蒲,洒雄黄水,饮雄黄酒,激浊除腐,杀菌防病。这些活动也反映了中华民族的优良传统。端午节上山采药,则是 国各国个民族共同的习俗。
●由来:端午节是古老的传统节日,始于中国的春秋战国时期,至今已有2000多年历史。端午节的由来与传说很多,这里仅介绍以下四种: 〖源于纪念屈原〗 1:据《史记》“屈原贾生列传”记载,屈原,是战国时期楚怀王的大臣。他倡导举贤授能,富国强兵,力主联齐抗秦,遭到贵族子兰等人的强烈反对,屈原遭馋去职,被赶出都城,流放到沅、湘流域。他在流放中,写下了忧国忧民的《离骚》、《天问》、《九歌》等不朽诗篇,独具风貌,影响深远(因而,端午节也称诗人节)。公元前278年,秦军攻破楚国京都。屈原眼看自己的祖国被侵略,心如刀割,但是始终不忍舍弃自己的祖国,于五月五日,在写下了绝笔作《怀沙》之后,抱石投汨罗江身死,以自己的生命谱写了一曲壮丽的爱国主义乐章。 传说屈原死后,楚国百姓哀痛异常,纷纷涌到汨罗江边去凭吊屈原。渔夫们划起船只,在江上来回打捞他的真身。有位渔夫拿出为屈原准备的饭团、鸡蛋等食物,“扑通、扑通”地丢进江里,说是让鱼龙虾蟹吃饱了,就不会去咬屈大夫的身体了。人们见后纷纷仿效。一位老医师则拿来一坛雄黄酒倒进江里,说是要药晕蛟龙水兽,以免伤害屈大夫。后来为怕饭团为蛟龙所食,人们想出用楝树叶包饭,外缠彩丝,发展成棕子。 以后,在每年的五月初五,就有了龙舟竞渡、吃粽子、喝雄黄酒的风俗;以此来纪念爱国诗人屈原。 〖源于纪念伍子胥〗 2:端午节的第二个传说,在江浙一带流传很广,是纪念春秋时期(公元前770–前476年)的伍子胥。伍子胥名员,楚国人,父兄均为楚王所杀,后来子胥弃暗投明,奔向吴国,助吴伐楚,五战而入楚都郢城。当时楚平王已死,子胥掘墓鞭尸三百,以报杀父兄之仇。吴王阖庐死后,其子夫差继位,吴军士气高昂,百战百胜,越国大败,越王勾践请和,夫差许之。子胥建议,应彻底消灭越国,夫差不听,吴国大宰,受越国贿赂,谗言陷害子胥,夫差信之,赐子胥宝剑,子胥以此死。子胥本为忠良,视死如归,在死前对邻舍人说:“我死后,将我眼睛挖出悬挂在吴京之东门上,以看越国军队入城灭吴”,便自刎而死,夫差闻言大怒,令取子胥之尸体装在皮革里于五月五日投入大江,因此相传端午节亦为纪念伍子胥之日。 〖源于纪念孝女曹娥〗 3:端午节的第三个传说,是为纪念东汉(公元23–220年)孝女曹娥救父投江。曹娥是东汉上虞人,父亲溺于江中,数日不见尸体,当时孝女曹娥年仅十四岁,昼夜沿江号哭。过了十七天,在五月五日也投江,五日后抱出父尸。就此传为神话,继而相传至县府知事,令度尚为之立碑,让他的弟子邯郸淳作诔辞颂扬。 孝女曹娥之墓,在今浙江绍兴,后传曹娥碑为晋王义所书。后人为纪念曹娥的孝节,在曹娥投江之处兴建曹娥庙,她所居住的村镇改名为曹娥镇,曹娥殉父之处定名为曹娥江。 〖源于古越民族图腾祭〗 4:近代大量出土文物和考古研究证实:长江中下游广大地区,在新石器时代,有一种几何印纹陶为特征的文化遗存。该遗存的族属,据专家推断是一个崇拜龙的图腾的部族—-史称百越族。出土陶器上的纹饰和历史传说示明,他们有断发纹身的习俗,生活于水乡,自比是龙的子孙。其生产工具,大量的还是石器,也有铲、凿等小件的青铜器。作为生活用品的坛坛罐罐中,烧煮食物的印纹陶鼎是他们所特有的,是他们族群的标志之一。直到秦汉时代尚有百越人,端午节就是他们创立用于祭祖的节日。在数千年的历史发展中,大部分百越人已经融合到汉族中去了,其余部分则演变为南方许多少数民族,因此,端午节成了全中华民族的节日。 〖五月五日是恶月恶日〗 河北省民俗文化协会会长袁学骏研究认为,早在屈原之前就有了“端午节”概念。 袁学骏说,中国人的思维模式中历来就有数字重叠的概念,如正月正(阴历一月初一)春节,二月二日龙头节,三月三日相传是王 母娘娘的蟠桃会,此外还有七月七日七夕节、九月九日重阳节等,这些节日都有其自身内涵,它们都和中国几千年来的农业文明紧密相连。五月五日被当作节日来过和上述这些节日形成早晚相当,在七八千年前就已形成。 “在中国的历史传统认为五月五日是恶月恶日,按照《易经》等典籍记载,阴恶从五而生,五月五日恰恰是阳气运行到端点的端阳之时,这种日子恶疠病疫多泛滥,因此,这一天人们便插艾叶、挂菖蒲、喝雄黄酒、配香囊等,以驱邪辟邪、保健健身。”袁学骏说,屈原在农历五月初五投江自尽,可能有意在端午节,表达对国家民族的忠心。 袁学骏认为,现在流传下来的端午节时吃粽子、赛龙舟,是两千多年前屈原跳江之后,后人在打捞屈原遗体时逐渐演变的纪念方式。人们在江中撒米是为了让鱼吃饱后避免吃屈原遗体,打捞屈原要用船,船多了自然形成竞争,于是比赛逐渐展开,至于龙舟,则更晚一些。 端午节要:女儿回娘家,挂钟馗像,迎鬼船、躲午,帖午叶符,悬挂菖蒲、艾草,游百病,佩香囊,备牲醴,赛龙舟,比武,击球,荡秋千,给小孩涂雄黄,饮用雄黄酒、菖蒲酒,吃五毒饼、咸蛋、粽子和时令鲜果、赛龙舟等。 19回答者: yangguangnanr – 试用期 一级 2009-5-29 16:33 我来评论>> 提问者对于答案的评价:谢谢
●端午节的来历 农历五月初五,俗称“端午节”。端是“开端”、“初”的意思。初五可以称为端五。农历以地支纪月,正月建寅,二月为卯,顺次至五月为午,因此称五月为午月,“五”与“午”通,“五”又为阳数,故端午又名端五、重五、端阳、中天等。从史籍上看,“端午”二字最早见于晋人周处《风土记》:“仲夏端午,烹鹜角黍”。端午节是我国汉族人民的传统节日。这一天必不可少的活动逐渐演变为:吃粽子,赛龙舟,挂菖蒲、艾叶,薰苍术、白芷,喝雄黄酒。据说,吃粽子和赛龙舟,是为了纪念屈原,所以解放后曾把端午节定名为“诗人节”,以纪念屈原。至于挂菖蒲、艾叶,薰苍术、白芷,喝雄黄酒,则据说是为了压邪。尽管端午节年年过,但是关于端午节的来历,却不甚清楚,归纳起来,大致有以下诸说。 一,纪念屈原说。此说最早出自南朝梁代吴均《续齐谐记》和北周宗懔《荆楚岁时记》的记载。据说,屈原于五月初五自投汨罗江,死后为蛟龙所困,世人哀之,每于此日投五色丝粽子于水中,以驱蚊龙。又传,屈原投汨罗江后,当地百姓闻讯马上划船捞救,千直行至洞庭湖,终不见屈原的尸体。那时,恰逢雨天,湖面上的小舟一起汇集在岸边的亭子旁。当人们得知是打捞贤臣屈大夫时,再次冒雨出动,争相划进茫茫的洞庭湖。为了寄托哀思,人们荡舟江河之上,此后才逐渐发展成为龙舟竞赛。‘看来,端午节吃粽子、赛龙舟与纪念屈原相关,有唐代文秀《端午》诗为证:“节分端午自谁言,万古传闻为屈原。堪笑楚江空渺渺,不能洗得直臣冤。” 二,迎涛神说。此说出自东汉《曹娥碑》。春秋时吴国忠臣伍子胥含冤而死之后,化为涛神,世人哀而祭之,故有端午节。 三,龙的节日说。这种说法来自闻一多的《端午考》、和《端午的历史教育》。他认为,五月初五是古代吴越地区“龙”的部落举行图腾祭祀的日子。其主要理由是;(一)端午节两个最主要的活动吃粽子和竞渡,都与龙相关。粽子投入水里常被蚊龙所窃,而竞渡则用的是龙舟。(二)竞渡与古代吴越地方的关系尤深,况且吴越百姓还有断发纹身“以像龙子”的习俗。(三)古代五月初五日有用“五彩丝系臂”的民间风俗,这应当是“像龙子”的纹身习俗的遗迹。 四,恶日说。在先秦时代,普遍认为五月是个毒月,五日是恶日。《吕氏春秋》中《仲夏记》一章规定人们在五月要禁欲、斋戒。《夏小正》中记:“此日蓄药,以蠲除毒气。”《大戴礼》中记,“五月五日畜兰为沐浴”以浴驱邪认为重五是死亡之日的传说也很多。《史记·孟尝君列传》记历史上有名的孟尝君,在五月五日出生。其父要其母不要生下他,认为“五月子者,长于户齐,将不利其父母。”《风俗通》佚文,“俗说五月五日生子,男害父,女害母”。《论衡》的作者王充也记述:“讳举正月、五月子;以正月、五月子杀父与母,不得举也。” 东晋大将王镇恶五月初五生,其祖父便给他取名为“镇恶”。宋徽宗赵佶五月初五生,从小寄养在宫外。可见,古代以五月初五为恶日,是普遍现象。可见从先秦以后,此日均为不吉之日。这样,在此日插菖蒲、艾叶以驱鬼,薰苍术、白芷和喝雄黄酒以避疫,就是顺理成章的事 够详细吧,记得把分分给我哦
●清明节的由来与传说 我国传统的清明节大约始于周代,已有二千五百多年的历史。清明最开始是一个很重要的节气,清明一到,气温升高,正是春耕春种的大好时节,故有“清明前后,种瓜种豆”。“植树造林,莫过清明”的农谚。后来,由于清明与寒食的日子接近,而寒食是民间禁火扫墓的日子,渐渐的,寒食与清明就合二为一了,而寒食既成为清明的别称,也变成为清明时节的一个习俗,清明之日不动烟火,只吃凉的食品。 关于寒食,有这样一个传说: 相传春秋战国时代,晋献公的妃子骊姬为了让自己的儿子奚齐继位,就设毒计谋害太子申生,申生被逼自杀。申生的弟弟重耳,为了躲避祸害,流亡出走。在流亡期间,重耳受尽了屈辱。原来跟着他一道出奔的臣子,大多陆陆续续地各奔出路去了。只剩下少数几个忠心耿耿的人,一直追随着他。其中一人叫介子推。有一次,重耳饿晕了过去。介子推为了救重耳,从自己腿上割下了一块肉,用火烤熟了就送给重耳吃。十九年后,重耳回国做了君主,就是著名春秋五霸之一晋文公。 晋文公执政后,对那些和他同甘共苦的臣子大加封赏,唯独忘了介子推。有人在晋文公面前为介子推叫屈。晋文公猛然忆起旧事,心中有愧,马上差人去请介子推上朝受赏封官。可是,差人去了几趟,介子推不来。晋文公只好亲去请。可是,当晋文公来到介子推家时,只见大门紧闭。介子推不愿见他,已经背着老母躲进了绵山(今山西介休县东南)。晋文公便让他的御林军上绵山搜索,没有找到。于是,有人出了个主意说,不如放火烧山,三面点火,留下一方,大火起时介子推会自己走出来的。晋文公乃下令举火烧山,孰料大火烧了三天三夜,大火熄灭后,终究不见介子推出来。上山一看,介子推母子俩抱着一棵烧焦的大柳树已经死了。晋文公望着介子推的尸体哭拜一阵,然后安葬遗体,发现介子推脊梁堵着个柳树树洞,洞里好象有什么东西。掏出一看,原来是片衣襟,上面题了一首血诗: 割肉奉君尽丹心,但愿主公常清明。 柳下作鬼终不见,强似伴君作谏臣。 倘若主公心有我,忆我之时常自省。 臣在九泉心无愧,勤政清明复清明。 晋文公将血书藏入袖中。然后把介子推和他的母亲分别安葬在那棵烧焦的大柳树下。为了纪念介子推,晋文公下令把绵山改为“介山”,在山上建立祠堂,并把放火烧山的这一天定为寒食节,晓谕全国,每年这天禁忌烟火,只吃寒食。 走时,他伐了一段烧焦的柳木,到宫中做了双木屐,每天望着它叹道:“悲哉足下。”“足下”是古人下级对上级或同辈之间相互尊敬的称呼,据说就是来源于此。 第二年,晋文公领着群臣,素服徒步登山祭奠,表示哀悼。行至坟前,只见那棵老柳树死树复活,绿枝千条,随风飘舞。晋文公望着复活的老柳树,像看见了介子推一样。他敬重地走到跟前,珍爱地掐了一下枝,编了一个圈儿戴在头上。祭扫后,晋文公把复活的老柳树赐名为“清明柳”,又把这天定为清明节。 以后,晋文公常把血书袖在身边,作为鞭策自己执政的座佑铭。他勤政清明,励精图治,把国家治理得很好。 此后,晋国的百姓得以安居乐业,对有功不居、不图富贵的介子推非常怀念。每逢他死的那天,大家禁止烟火来表示纪念。还用面粉和着枣泥,捏成燕子的模样,用杨柳条串起来,插在门上,召唤他的灵魂,这东西叫“之推燕”(介子推亦作介之推)。此后,寒食、清明成了全国百姓的隆重节日。每逢寒食,人们即不生火做饭,只吃冷食。在北方,老百姓只吃事先做好的冷食如枣饼、麦糕等;在南方,则多为青团和糯米糖藕。每届清明,人们把柳条编成圈儿戴在头上,把柳条枝插在房前屋后,以示怀念。 端午节由来与传说 端午节是古老的传统节日,始于中国的春秋战国时期,至今已有2000多年历史。端午节的由来与传说很多,这里仅介绍以下四种: 源于纪念屈原 据《史记》“屈原贾生列传”记载,屈原,是春秋时期楚怀王的大臣。他倡导举贤授能,富国强兵,力主联齐抗秦,遭到贵族子兰等人的强烈反对,屈原遭馋去职,被赶出都城,流放到沅、湘流域。他在流放中,写下了忧国忧民的《离骚》、《天问》、《九歌》等不朽诗篇,独具风貌,影响深远(因而,端午节也称诗人节)。公元前278年,秦军攻破楚国京都。屈原眼看自己的祖国被侵略,心如刀割,但是始终不忍舍弃自己的祖国,于五月五日,在写下了绝笔作《怀沙》之后,抱石投汨罗江身死,以自己的生命谱写了一曲壮丽的爱国主义乐章。 传说屈原死后,楚国百姓哀痛异常,纷纷涌到汨罗江边去凭吊屈原。渔夫们划起船只,在江上来回打捞他的真身。有位渔夫拿出为屈原准备的饭团、鸡蛋等食物,“扑通、扑通”地丢进江里,说是让鱼龙虾蟹吃饱了,就不会去咬屈大夫的身体了。人们见后纷纷仿效。一位老医师则拿来一坛雄黄酒倒进江里,说是要药晕蛟龙水兽,以免伤害屈大夫。后来为怕饭团为蛟龙所食,人们想出用楝树叶包饭,外缠彩丝,发展成棕子。 以后,在每年的五月初五,就有了龙舟竞渡、吃粽子、喝雄黄酒的风俗;以此来纪念爱国诗人屈原。 源于纪念伍子胥 端午节的第二个传说,在江浙一带流传很广,是纪念春秋时期(公元前770–前476年)的伍子胥。伍子胥名员,楚国人,父兄均为楚王所杀,后来子胥弃暗投明,奔向吴国,助吴伐楚,五战而入楚都郢城。当时楚平王已死,子胥掘墓鞭尸三百,以报杀父兄之仇。吴王阖庐死后,其子夫差继位,吴军士气高昂,百战百胜,越国大败,越王勾践请和,夫差许之。子胥建议,应彻底消灭越国,夫差不听,吴国大宰,受越国贿赂,谗言陷害子胥,夫差信之,赐子胥宝剑,子胥以此死。子胥本为忠良,视死如归,在死前对邻舍人说:“我死后,将我眼睛挖出悬挂在吴京之东门上,以看越国军队入城灭吴”,便自刎而死,夫差闻言大怒,令取子胥之尸体装在皮革里于五月五日投入大江,因此相传端午节亦为纪念伍子胥之日。 源于纪念孝女曹娥 端午节的第三个传说,是为纪念东汉(公元23–220年)孝女曹娥救父投江。曹娥是东汉上虞人,父亲溺于江中,数日不见尸体,当时孝女曹娥年仅十四岁,昼夜沿江号哭。过了十七天,在五月五日也投江,五日后抱出父尸。就此传为神话,继而相传至县府知事,令度尚为之立碑,让他的弟子邯郸淳作诔辞颂扬。 孝女曹娥之墓,在今浙江绍兴,后传曹娥碑为晋王义所书。后人为纪念曹娥的孝节,在曹娥投江之处兴建曹娥庙,她所居住的村镇改名为曹娥镇,曹娥殉父之处定名为曹娥江。 源于古越民族图腾祭 近代大量出土文物和考古研究证实:长江中下游广大地区,在新石器时代,有一种几何印纹陶为特征的文化遗存。该遗存的族属,据专家推断是一个崇拜龙的图腾的部族—-史称百越族。出土陶器上的纹饰和历史传说示明,他们有断发纹身的习俗,生活于水乡,自比是龙的子孙。其生产工具,大量的还是石器,也有铲、凿等小件的青铜器。作为生活用品的坛坛罐罐中,烧煮食物的印纹陶鼎是他们所特有的,是他们族群的标志之一。直到秦汉时代尚有百越人,端午节就是他们创立用于祭祖的节日。在数千年的历史发展中,大部分百越人已经融合到汉族中去了,其余部分则演变为南方许多少数民族,因此,端午节成了全中华民族的节日。 中秋节的由来与传说 中秋节有悠久的历史,和其它传统节日一样,也是慢慢发展形成的,古代帝王有春天祭日,秋天祭月的礼制,早在《周礼》一书中,已有“中秋”一词的记载。后来贵族和文人学士也仿效起来,在中秋时节,对着天上又亮又圆一轮皓月,观赏祭拜,寄托情怀,这种习俗就这样传到民间,形成一个传统的活动,一直到了唐代,这种祭月的风俗更为人们重视,中秋节才成为固定的节日,《唐书·太宗记》记载有“八月十五中秋节”,这个